
The Canons
“All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness...”2 Timothy 3:16
This reference seeks to describe faithfully what each tradition itself receives — not to judge between them. It is a living document, maintained with care and open to correction.
Old Testament
The Hebrew Scriptures — the 39 books received across every Christian tradition.
| Book | Ch. | Language | Protestant | Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Oriental Orthodox | Ethiopian Orthodox |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 40 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 27 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 36 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 34 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 24 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 21 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 31 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 24 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 22 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 25 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 29 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 36 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 10 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 13 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 10 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 42 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 150 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 31 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 12 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 8 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 66 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 52 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 5 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 48 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 12 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 14 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 9 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 1 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 7 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 2 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 14 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | hebrew | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical |
New Testament
The 27 books received identically by all Christian traditions; there is no dispute anywhere in the New Testament.
| Book | Ch. | Language | Protestant | Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Oriental Orthodox | Ethiopian Orthodox |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 16 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 24 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 21 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 28 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 16 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 16 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 13 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 6 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 6 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 5 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 6 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 1 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 13 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 5 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 5 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 3 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 5 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 1 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 1 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 1 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 22 | greek | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical |
Deuterocanonical / Apocryphal
Texts included in the Septuagint but debated across traditions. Catholics and Orthodox accept them; Protestants classify them as apocryphal.
| Book | Ch. | Language | Protestant | Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Oriental Orthodox | Ethiopian Orthodox |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | aramaic | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 16 | hebrew | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 19 | greek | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 51 | hebrew | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 6 | hebrew | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 16 | hebrew | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 15 | greek | Apocryphal | Deuterocanonical Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 9 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 16 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 7 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Apocryphal | |
| 18 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | |
| 1 | hebrew | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 1 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Anagignoskomena Liturgical | Canonical Liturgical |
Extended Canon
Texts canonical only in specific traditions, reflecting the rich diversity of the universal Church.
| Book | Ch. | Language | Protestant | Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Oriental Orthodox | Ethiopian Orthodox |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 108 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 36 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 21 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 10 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 9 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 6 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 4 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 2 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 7 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical | |
| 43 | geez | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Canonical Liturgical |
Early Christian Writings
Writings valued and read in the early Church, but canonical to none of the traditions today. Listed for honest historical reference.
| Book | Ch. | Language | Protestant | Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Oriental Orthodox | Ethiopian Orthodox |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | |
| 114 | greek | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal | Apocryphal |
Understanding Canonical Status
Canonical
Universally accepted as divinely inspired Scripture.
Deuterocanonical
Accepted by Catholic tradition as part of the second canon.
Anagignoskomena
Orthodox designation meaning “worthy to be read” in liturgy.
Apocryphal
Considered historically valuable but not divinely inspired.
The Oriental Orthodoxcolumn represents the Coptic, Syriac and Armenian churches, whose canons closely follow the wider Septuagint tradition; details vary from church to church. Book counts follow each tradition’s own reckoning — the Ethiopian “81 books” is a traditional number that different lists itemise in different ways.
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